"The world will be saved by beauty..." - Dostoevsky


Wooden Byzantine Church in Carpathian-Rus'

Monday, September 1, 2008

The New Church Year- Living in the Biblical Narrative: Transcending Time and Injustice

September 1st marks the first day of the liturgical year for the Byzantine Church. The Church will take us through the Biblical narrative, the mighty acts of God in Jesus Christ. We will become part of the biblical narrative as we go through the season of Advent and the nativity (incarnation) of our Lord, the Great Lent, Pascha (The Resurrection of our Lord), and the Season of Pentecost, which is the age of the Holy Spirit, the Soul of the Church, Christ’s Body.

We will, through out the Church year, identify with the ministry of Jesus as we read the Sunday gospels. We will honor the Mother of God and all of the other saints on various days on the church calendar, for we have come to “to the spirits of the righteous made perfect (Hebrews 12.23).” We become part of the biblical narrative, and are there in the story with Jesus, Mary, the Apostles, Peter, John, and Paul, as witnesses to Christ and the good news.

Theologians have called the observation of the Church year “the Sanctification of Time.” Just as Christ sanctified the waters and all of creation through his incarnation and baptism, he also sanctified time. Time, though created, is a vehicle for us to encounter the Timeless. He who is outside of Time entered time in the incarnation; and we who are time-bound, can, through the divinization of our human nature, transcend time, and enter Eternity.

The biblical narrative is not something that drops out of the sky, nor is it a dead letter, in ink and paper, frozen in a mere book. Rather, the Word lives in us, and we live in the Word. We live the biblical narrative. We walk with Christ and not only with Him, but with all of the saints through out the ages. We are Christ, his Body, for all the ages. As believers in a postmodern age, we live in, and recreate the biblical narrative, salvation history.

As co-creators, co-redeemers with Christ, we too, bring the good news to the poor, and announce a year of the Lord’s favor, as Christ did:

The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”- Luke 4.18-19, NRSV

How appropriate that this new Church year begins on Labor Day. What a wonderful way of sanctifying human labor and being in solidarity with the workers. So many people in this world bear the cross, and work in sweatshops and fields, and yet, are poor because of unjust wages. We must announce the good news to them, and to their oppressors as well. We must consider how we might be in solidarity with them, and think about how our consumer choices might affect those who labor very hard to for very little.

Workers in America are also struggling. A recent study done by Rutgers University shows that American Workers are the worst off they have been in years. You can read a report on this study here.

In our participation of the Church year and salvation history, we must announce the overthrow of the older order, with its unjust structures. We must announce the Good News of the Christ, and work for the Reign of God on earth. We must invite the whole world to participate in the biblical narrative of salvation. The Church year should be an occassion to announce a new order: "we wait for new heavens and a new earth, where righteousness is at home." - 2 Peter 3.13, NRSV

At the beginning of this Church year, let us recommit our lives to Christ, in service to Him and to our neighbor, especially the least among us, the poor and the workers, as we once again take part through the liturgy and the Church calendar in the drama that is salvation history.

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My Church

My Church
St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Church, Minneapolis Minnesota

"Let us go to the house of the LORD!"- Psalm 122:1, RSV

Byzantine Christian Art

Byzantine Christian Art
Interior of a Byzantine Church (The Iconostasis at St. John's Byzantine Catholic Church, Minneapolis MN- see more pictures at the bottom of the page)

Famous Examples of Byzantine Icons

Famous Examples of Byzantine Icons
Theotokos of Vladimir, Protectress of Russia; 12th Century; gift of Patriarch of Constantinople to Grand Duke of Kiev, now in Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow

Rublev's Holy Trinity Icon (also known as Hospitality of Abraham), 15th Century

Rublev's the Face (Christ the Saviour), 15th Century

Icon Not Made by Human Hand, by Simon Ushakov, Russia, 1658

Weeping Icon of Mariapoch, 17th Century, village of Poch, Hungary

Christ the Pantokrator, 6th century from St. Catherine's Monastery in Sinai

Preobrazhenie (The Transfiguration), Novgorod, 15th Century

Icon of the Dormition of the Mother of God, Novgorod, 13th Century

Christ Pantokrator, Mosaic from Hagia Sophia in Instanbul, end of 9th Century

Theotokos Enthroned, Hagia Sophia in Instanbul, 9th Century

Theotokos & Child, from the Apse of Hagia Sophia in Instanbul

Our Lady of the Sign- often seen on the Apse of Byzantine Churches

Icon of The Holy Protection (Pokrov), one of the most beloved images of the Theotokos in the Slavic Churches

Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn (Ostra Brama), painted by an unknown Lithuanian artist, 1630. Other names for this Icon: Joy of All Joys; Umilenie (Tenderness); Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of Mercy. Although originally this is a Western style painting, it has been adopted by Byzantine Christians, most notably St. Seraphim of Sarov and the Diveyevo Monastery.
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Byzantine Christians and the Bible

Byzantine Christians and the Bible
Byzantine Christians no less than other Christians- love, cherish and read the Sacred Scriptures. We revere them as the oracles of God (Romans 3.2).

According to Bishop Kallistos Ware in his book, the Orthodox Church, it has been calculated that there are 96 quotes from the Old Testament and 114 quotes from the New Testament in the Divine Liturgy. The services for special feast days are replete with references from and allusions to sacred scripture. Our Sunday and weekday Byzantine Lectionary takes us practically all through the New Testament every year, and there are also readings from the Hebrew Scriptures during Lent, Vespers, and other services, especially major feasts. Traditionally, monks and nuns chant the entire Psalter weekly, and the psalms form the basis of several daily prayer services in the Divine Office, known in the East as the Horologion, or in Slavic Churches, Chasoslov (Часocлoвъ).

We see references to set hours of prayers in the New Testament itself. The Church simply took over the Psalms of the Bible as her prayer book from her elder brother in the faith, the Jews, who chanted the Psalms in the Temple and synagogues daily. References to prayer and prayers in Acts 2.42 and 1 Peter 4.7 in the original Greek use the definite article, and refer to the prayers. It is very likely these texts are referring to set prayers from the Psalms.

In the context of the Divine Liturgy, Christ is truly present when the priest chants the holy gospel, no less than Christ is truly present in bread and wine of the Holy Eucharist. Christ is speaking directly to us, in our midst, at the proclamation of the Gospel. Christ is truly present all through the Holy Sacrifice of the Divine Liturgy, both in the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. Thus is the Scripture fulfilled which says, "I will dwell in them, and walk among them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people."- II Corinthians 6.16.

Byzantine theology is based on the Holy Bible and Holy Tradition, including the teaching of the Fathers, but much of the teaching of the Fathers is simply further exposition of the Scriptures themselves.

Many of the Monks, Nuns, and Church fathers memorized large portions of the Bible. St. Seraphim of Sarov, the great 19th Century Russian saint, read the entire New Testament through every week.

In conclusion, those of us in the Byzantine tradition are just as much Bible Christians as any one else. The Word of God is in our hearts! We love the Sacred Scripture and invite you to read them, in hopes that in them you will find the bread of life, comes down from heaven. (c.f. John 6.33).

Search the scriptures, for you think in them to have life everlasting; and the same are they that give testimony of me. - Our Lord, God & Saviour Jesus Christ, in John 5.39

(See the links above on the rights-side panel for reading & searching the Bible on line, and to purchase editions of the Bible recommended by Byzantine Christian)

A page from the Kiev Psalter of 1397 in Church Slavonic. It is also known as the Spiridon Psalter, and is preserved in the Russian National Library
Church Fathers on the Sacred Scripture

Irenaeus (2nd century CE):
"If one carefully reads the Scriptures, he will find there the word on the subject of Christ and the prefiguration of the new calling. He is indeed the hidden treasure in the field — the field in fact is the world — but in truth, the hidden treasure in the Scriptures is Christ. Because he is designed by types and words that humanly are not possible to understand before the accomplishment of all things, that is, Christ's second coming."

Origen (2nd - 3rd century CE):
"The Word of God is in your heart. The Word digs in this soil so that the spring may gush out." Origen also wrote: "[Christ's words] are not only those which he spoke when he became a man and tabernacled in the flesh; for before that time, Christ, the Word of God, was in Moses and the prophets. ...[their words] were filled with the Spirit of Christ."

Jerome (4th- 5th century CE):
"You are reading? No. Your betrothed is talking to you. It is your betrothed, that is, Christ, who is united with you. He tears you away from the solitude of the desert and brings you into his home, saying to you, 'Enter into the joy of your Master.'" Jerome also famously wrote, “Ignorance of the Scripture is ignorance of Christ.”

John Chrysostom (4th- 5th century CE):
"Listen carefully to me. Procure books [of the Bible] that will be medicines for the soul. At least get a copy of the New Testament, the Apostle's epistles, the Acts, the Gospels, for your constant teachers. If you encounter grief, dive into them as into a chest of medicines; take from them comfort for your trouble, whether it be loss, or death, or bereavement over the loss of relations. Don't simply dive into them. Swim in them. Keep them constantly in your mind. The cause of all evils is the failure to know the Scriptures well."


Coptic Bible

Oriental Churches

Oriental Churches
Coptic Icon of St. Mark, Writer of the Gospel and Founder of the Coptic Church

Ethiopian Orthodox Liturgy

Fr. Bede Griffiths celebrating the Holy Qurbono (The Mass) according to the Syro-Malankara Rite

His Holiness Karekin II, Catholicos and Supreme Patriarch of All Armenians

Mar Dinkha IV is is the current Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East

An official photo of Pope Shenouda III, 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Apostolic Throne of St Mark

Abraham Mar Julius (Youlios) consecrated as bishop in the Syro-Malankara Church

Coptic Icon of St. Anthony & St. Paul

Coptic Christian Church Relief Wall